Journal
SENSORS
Volume 8, Issue 8, Pages 5023-5036Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/s8085023
Keywords
glutamate biosensor; constant potential amperometry; Nafion; polypyrrole; central nervous system
Funding
- UCLA NIH UDALL Center for Excellence
- JPL/NASA [1250587]
- UC BREP GREAT
- Ruth L. Kirchenstein National Research Service Award
- ARCS award
- Hatos Scholarships
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Using Micro-Electro-Mechanical-Systems (MEMS) technologies, we have developed silicon wafer-based platinum microelectrode arrays (MEAs) modified with glutamate oxidase (GluOx) for electroenzymatic detection of glutamate in vivo. These MEAs were designed to have optimal spatial resolution for in vivo recordings. Selective detection of glutamate in the presence of the electroactive interferents, dopamine and ascorbic acid, was attained by deposition of polypyrrole and Nafion. The sensors responded to glutamate with a limit of detection under 1 mu M and a sub-1-second response time in solution. In addition to extensive in vitro characterization, the utility of these MEA glutamate biosensors was also established in vivo. In the anesthetized rat, these MEA glutamate biosensors were used for detection of cortically-evoked glutamate release in the ventral striatum. The MEA biosensors also were applied to the detection of stress-induced glutamate release in the dorsal striatum of the freely-moving rat.
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