Journal
SEMINARS IN NEUROLOGY
Volume 29, Issue 4, Pages 277-296Publisher
THIEME MEDICAL PUBL INC
DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1237118
Keywords
REM sleep; brainstem; pons; midbrain; glutamate; acetylcholine; norepinephrine; serotonin; hypocretin; orexin
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Funding
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON DRUG ABUSE [R01DA034748] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
- Veterans Affairs [I01BX001753] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
- NIDA NIH HHS [R01 DA034748] Funding Source: Medline
- NINDS NIH HHS [R01 NS014610] Funding Source: Medline
- BLRD VA [I01 BX001753] Funding Source: Medline
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The neurobiology of sleep and narcolepsy is reviewed. Non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep is generated by neurons in the preoptic region of the hypothalamus and adjacent basal forebrain. Lesions in these regions cause insomnia. Stimulation of these regions rapidly produces sleep onset. The key brain structure for generating REM sleep is the pons and adjacent portions of the midbrain. Damage to the pons and/or caudal midbrain can cause abnormalities in REM sleep. The persistent sleepiness of narcolepsy is a result of a loss of hypocretin function.
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