Journal
SEMINARS IN NEPHROLOGY
Volume 33, Issue 6, Pages 479-492Publisher
W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC
DOI: 10.1016/j.semnephrol.2013.08.001
Keywords
Complement; kidney; complement regulators; innate immunity; adaptive immunity; kidney diseases
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Funding
- Fondazione Telethon [GGP09075]
- Fondazione ART per la Ricerca sui Trapianti ART ONLUS (Milan, Italy)
- FP7 EU project (EURenOmics project) [HEALTH-2012-305608]
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Complement is an important component of the innate immune system that is crucial for defense from microbial infections and for clearance of immune complexes and injured cells. In normal conditions complement is tightly controlled by a number of fluid-phase and cell surface proteins to avoid injury to autologous tissues. When complement is hyperactivated, as occurs in autoimmune diseases or in subjects with dysfunctional regulatory proteins, it drives a severe inflammatory response in numerous organs. The kidney appears to be particularly vulnerable to complement-mediated inflammatory injury. Injury may derive from deposition of circulating active complement fragments in glomeruli, but complement locally produced and activated in the kidney also may have a role. Many kidney disorders have been linked to abnormal complement activation, including immune-complex-mediated glomerulonephritis and rare genetic kidney diseases, but also tubulointerstitial injury associated with progressive proteinuric diseases or ischemia-reperfusion. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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