Journal
SEMINARS IN IMMUNOPATHOLOGY
Volume 36, Issue 1, Pages 115-132Publisher
SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
DOI: 10.1007/s00281-013-0404-6
Keywords
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH); Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD); Microbiota; Inflammation; Insulin resistance
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Funding
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (J.S.T.)
- Kiban-B, Shingakujuturyouiki
- Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare
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The recent rise in obesity-related diseases, such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and its strong association with microbiota, has elicited interest in the underlying mechanisms of these pathologies. Experimental models have highlighted several mechanisms connecting microbiota to the development of liver dysfunction in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) such as increased energy harvesting from the diet, small intestine bacterial overgrowth, modulation of the intestinal barrier by glucagon-like peptide-2 secretions, activation of innate immunity through the lipopolysaccharide-CD14 axis caused by obesity-induced leptin, periodontitis, and sterile inflammation. The manipulation of microbiota through probiotics, prebiotics, antibiotics, and periodontitis treatment yields encouraging results for the treatment of obesity, diabetes, and NASH, but data in humans is scarce.
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