Journal
SEMINARS IN IMMUNOPATHOLOGY
Volume 32, Issue 3, Pages 275-287Publisher
SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
DOI: 10.1007/s00281-010-0216-x
Keywords
Two-photon imaging; Autoimmunity; CNS
Categories
Funding
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [SFB571-C6, SFB-TR43-B2]
- Multiple Sclerosis competence network Understand MS
- Hertie Foundation
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Since the first applications of two-photon microscopy in immunology 10 years ago, the number of studies using this advanced technology has increased dramatically. The two-photon microscope allows long-term visualization of cell motility in the living tissue with minimal phototoxicity. Using this technique, we examined brain autoantigen-specific T cell behavior in experimental autoimmune encephalitomyelitis, the animal model of human multiple sclerosis. Even before disease symptoms appear, the autoreactive T cells arrive at their target organ. There they crawl along the intraluminal surface of central nervous system (CNS) blood vessels before they extravasate. In the perivascular environment, the T cells meet phagocytes that present autoantigens. This contact activates the T cells to penetrate deep into the CNS parenchyma, where the infiltrated T cells again can find antigen, be further activated, and produce cytokines, resulting in massive immune cell recruitment and clinical disease.
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