Journal
SEMINARS IN IMMUNOPATHOLOGY
Volume 31, Issue 3, Pages 359-369Publisher
SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
DOI: 10.1007/s00281-009-0152-9
Keywords
Cytokine; Insulin resistance; Inflammation; Kupffer cell; Steatosis
Categories
Funding
- FIRST Universita di Milano
- Ricerca corrente Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico
- Centro per lo Studio delle Malattie del Fegato e del Metabolismo
- University of Milan
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Alcoholic liver disease and nonalcoholic liver disease represent a leading cause of liver disease and share similar pathogenic mechanisms among which activation of the immune system plays a key role. The main events consist in (a) activation of Kupffer cells via TLR-4 by LPS and fatty acids (b) complement activation (c) increased release of proinflammatory mediators (d) alteration in NK and NKT cell number/activity (e) activation of the adaptive immune system. At the same time, activation of intracellular pro-inflammatory pathways by cytokines and bacterial products, inhibit insulin signaling favoring lipogenesis, metabolic alterations, and cell damage.
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