Journal
SEMINARS IN IMMUNOLOGY
Volume 21, Issue 4, Pages 185-193Publisher
ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2009.05.005
Keywords
TLR; Dendritic cells; Plasmacytoid DCs; Th1/Th2; Th17
Categories
Funding
- National Institutes of Health [R01 DK057665, R01 AI048638, U19 AI057266, U54 AI057157, N01 AI50019, N01 AI50025]
- Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
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The discovery of Toll-like receptors (TLRs), and their role in sensing infections represents one of the most seminal advances in immunology in recent years. It is now clear that TLRs play a fundamental role in innate recognition of microbes, and stimulate and tune the quality of the adaptive immune response. However, major knowledge gaps remain in our understanding of how TLRs regulate the development and persistence of T-and B-cell memory. Here, we review our current understanding of how TLR-signaling shapes the adaptive immune response, and highlight unanswered questions, the solution of which will be imperative in the rational exploitation of TLRs in vaccine design and immune therapy. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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