Journal
SEMINARS IN IMMUNOLOGY
Volume 21, Issue 4, Pages 215-222Publisher
ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2009.05.001
Keywords
RIG-I; MDA-5; MAVS; STING; RNA virus
Categories
Funding
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research
- National Cancer Institute of Canada
- Canadian Cancer Society
- CANFAR
- Canadian Foundation for AIDS Research
- CIHR
- FRSQ
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Viral and microbial pathogens contain specific motifs or pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) that are recognized by cell surface-and endosome-associated Toll-like receptors (TLRs). RNA virus infection is also detected through TLR-independent mechanisms. Early viral replicative intermediates are detected by two recently characterized cystolic viral RNA receptors-RIG-I and MDA-5. Both are DExDH/box RNA helicases, and RIG-I specifically recognizes 5'-triphosphate containing viral RNA and transmits signals that induce type I interferon-mediated host immunity against virus infection. In this review, we will focus on RIG-I-like receptor (RLR) signal transduction and the regulatory mechanisms ubiquitination, deubiquitination, ISGylation - underlying this important host response. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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