Journal
SEMINARS IN IMMUNOLOGY
Volume 20, Issue 2, Pages 130-136Publisher
ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2007.11.005
Keywords
biomaterial; combination products; fibrosis; adjuvant; transplant rejection
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Evidence is emerging that biomaterials cause inflammation by ligating innate immune receptors on antigen presenting cells. Although inflammation is usually viewed as detrimental, it has unexpected and potentially beneficial effects on fibrosis and transplant rejection. For example, the magnitude of inflammation due to a biomaterial is not predictive of the extent of fibrosis. Similarly, biomaterials do not always show adjuvancy. Some biomaterials suppressed T cell rejection responses in vivo and in vitro, while others non-specifically stimulated T cell proliferation. Understanding these complex inter-relationships is the key to designing a biomaterial that stimulates regeneration and induces tolerance in tissue engineering applications. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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