Journal
SEMINARS IN CELL & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
Volume 23, Issue 2, Pages 126-144Publisher
ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2012.01.018
Keywords
Single-molecule imaging; Actin-based membrane skeleton; Picket fence model; Raft domains; Dynamic protein complex; GPI anchored receptor
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Funding
- MEXT
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [23310087, 21247022, 23657101] Funding Source: KAKEN
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Virtually all biological membranes on earth share the basic structure of a two-dimensional liquid. Such universality and peculiarity are comparable to those of the double helical structure of DNA, strongly suggesting the possibility that the fundamental mechanisms for the various functions of the plasma membrane could essentially be understood by a set of simple organizing principles, developed during the course of evolution. As an initial effort toward the development of such understanding, in this review, we present the concept of the cooperative action of the hierarchical three-tiered meso-scale (2-300 nm) domains in the plasma membrane: (1) actin membrane-skeleton-induced compartments (40-300 nm), (2) raft domains (2-20 nm), and (3) dynamic protein complex domains (3-10 nm). Special attention is paid to the concept of meso-scale domains, where both thermal fluctuations and weak cooperativity play critical roles, and the coupling of the raft domains to the membrane-skeleton-induced compartments as well as dynamic protein complexes. The three-tiered meso-domain architecture of the plasma membrane provides an excellent perspective for understanding the membrane mechanisms of signal transduction. (C) 2012 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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