Journal
SEMINARS IN CELL & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
Volume 20, Issue 5, Pages 631-642Publisher
ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2009.03.014
Keywords
Nucleocytoplasmic transport; Nuclear pore complex; Cytoplasmic transport; Cell transformation; Virus entry
Categories
Funding
- Swiss National Science Foundation
- Cancer League of the Canton of Zurich and Oncoswiss
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DNA-tumor viruses comprise enveloped and non-enveloped agents that cause malignancies in a large variety of cell types and tissues by interfering with cell cycle control and immortalization. Those DNA tumor viruses that replicate in the nucleus use cellular mechanisms to transport their genome and newly synthesized viral proteins into the nucleus. This requires cytoplasmic transport and nuclear import of their genome. Agents that employ this strategy include adenoviruses, hepadnaviruses, herpesviruses, and likely also papillomaviruses, and polyomaviruses, but not poxviruses which replicate in the cytoplasm. Here, we discuss how DNA-tumor viruses enter cells, take advantage of cytoplasmic transport, and import their DNA genome through the nuclear pore complex into the nucleus. Remarkably, nuclear import of incoming genomes does not necessarily follow the same pathways used by the structural proteins of the viruses during the replication and assembly phases of the viral life cycle. Understanding the mechanisms of DNA nuclear import can identify new pathways of cell regulation and anti-viral therapies. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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