Journal
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
Volume 5, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
NATURE RESEARCH
DOI: 10.1038/srep07715
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Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [31370408, 31270433, 31170408, 71161020, 10961027]
- National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars [31325005]
- NSFC-Yunnan United fund [U1302267]
- West Light Foundation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Yunnan Natural Science Foundation [2013FD030]
- Special Fund for Chair Professor Lei Shi
- Special Fund for Provincial Key Disciplines-Statistics
- Program for Innovative Research Team (in Science and Technology) in University of Yunnan Province
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Avoiding the tragedy of the commons requires that one or more individuals in a group or partnership volunteer'', benefiting the group at a cost to themselves. Recognition and negotiation with social partners can maintain cooperation, but are often not possible. If recognition and negotiation are not always the mechanism by which cooperative partnerships avoid collective tragedies, what might explain the diverse social cooperation observed in nature? Assuming that individuals interact asymmetrically and that both weak'' and strong'' players employ a super-rational strategy, we find that tragedy of the commons can be avoided without requiring either recognition or negotiation. Whereas in the volunteer's dilemma game a rational strong'' player is less likely to volunteer to provide a common good in larger groups, we show that under a wide range of conditions a super-rational strong'' player is more likely to provide a common good. These results imply that the integration of super-rationality and asymmetric interaction might have the potential to resolve the tragedy of the commons. By illuminating the conditions under which players are likely to volunteer, we shed light on the patterns of volunteerism observed in variety of well-studied cooperative social systems, and explore how societies might avert social tragedies.
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