Journal
SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE
Volume 178, Issue -, Pages 14-22Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2014.07.038
Keywords
'Golden Delicious' apple; Fruit russetting; Chlorogenic acid; Flavonoid; Lignin
Categories
Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [31101505]
- Jiangsu Agriculture Science and Technology Innovation Fund (China) [CX (10)110]
- Northern Jiangsu Development Plan [BN2012035]
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Analysis of the secondary metabolites in apple peels showed that the levels of total flavonoids and chlorogenic acid (CA) during 15-60 days after full bloom (DAFB) were significantly higher in cultivar 'Feng Shuai', a spontaneous non-russeting mutant of 'Golden Delicious' apple, than in its maternal plant, which indicated higher level of endogenous CA may be associated with the inhibition of russet formation. Application of 0.5 mmol L-1 exogenous CA solution to 'Golden Delicious' fruits at 30 DAFB effectively inhibited fruit russet formation. It also increased the levels of CA and total flavonoids in fruit peels at the 7th day after treatment, but depressed the lignin content. Furthermore, CA treatment induced the activity of phenylalnine ammonialyase (PAL) and cinnamate-4-hydrolase (C4H), but depressed activity of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD). These effects were further supported by RT-PCR, where the expressions of PAL, C4H, 4CL, CHS, and CHI were up-regulated while those of CAD, POD and PPO were down-regulated by CA treatment. Interestingly, the up-regulated genes are involved in the biosynthesis of chlorogenic acid and flavonoids while the down-regulated ones are involved in lignin biosynthesis. Therefore, it can be deduced that the inhibition of russet formation in 'Golden Delicious' apple by CA is associated with the inhibition of lignin biosynthesis, not the enhancement of total flavonoids biosynthesis. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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