Journal
SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
Volume 10, Issue 460, Pages -Publisher
AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aap9489
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Funding
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Center for Microbes, Inflammation, and Cancer
- Leonard Tow Foundation
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases of the NIH [U01 AI12427]
- Lymphoma Foundation
- Susan and Peter Solomon Divisional Genomics Program
- NIH [P30 CA008748]
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
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Antibiotic treatment can deplete the commensal bacteria of a patient's gut microbiota and, paradoxically, increase their risk of subsequent infections. In allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT), antibiotic administration is essential for optimal clinical outcomes but significantly disrupts intestinal microbiota diversity, leading to loss of many beneficial microbes. Although gut microbiota diversity loss during allo-HSCT is associated with increased mortality, approaches to reestablish depleted commensal bacteria have yet to be developed. We have initiated a randomized, controlled clinical trial of autologous fecal microbiota transplantation (auto-FMT) versus no intervention and have analyzed the intestinal microbiota profiles of 25 allo-HSCT patients (14 who received auto-FMT treatment and 11 control patients who did not). Changes in gut microbiota diversity and composition revealed that the auto-FMT intervention boosted microbial diversity and reestablished the intestinal microbiota composition that the patient had before antibiotic treatment and allo-HSCT. These results demonstrate the potential for fecal sample banking and posttreatment remediation of a patient's gut microbiota after microbiota-depleting antibiotic treatment during allo-HSCT.
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