Journal
SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
Volume 6, Issue 248, Pages -Publisher
AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3008879
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Funding
- EMD/Merck/Serono
- Race to Erase MS
- Department of Defense Multiple Sclerosis Research Program
- Research Program of the Office of the Congressionally Directed Medical Research Programs [MS110275]
- NIH Autoimmunity Prevention Center pilot award [U19AI050864]
- NIH [T32 8507596, P01 AI045757, U19 AI046130, U19 AI070352, P01 AI039671, R01AI104739]
- Jacob Javits Merit award from the NINDS [NS242427]
- Penates Foundation
- Nancy Taylor Foundation for Chronic Diseases, Incorporated
- National Human Genome Research Institute Center of Excellence in Genomic Science [P50 HG005550]
- Dutch Foundation for MS Research
- NIH Medical Scientist Training Program [TG T32GM07205]
- NIH grant from the National Library of Medicine [T15 LM07056]
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Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by autoimmune-mediated demyelination and neurodegeneration. The CNS of patients with MS harbors expanded clones of antigen-experienced B cells that reside in distinct compartments including the meninges, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and parenchyma. It is not understood whether this immune infiltrate initiates its development in the CNS or in peripheral tissues. B cells in the CSF can exchange with those in peripheral blood, implying that CNS B cells may have access to lymphoid tissue that may be the specific compartment(s) in which CNS-resident B cells encounter antigen and experience affinity maturation. Paired tissues were used to determine whether the B cells that populate the CNS mature in the draining cervical lymph nodes (CLNs). High-throughput sequencing of the antibody repertoire demonstrated that clonally expanded B cells were present in both compartments. Founding members of clones were more often found in the draining CLNs. More mature clonal members derived from these founders were observed in the draining CLNs and also in the CNS, including lesions. These data provide new evidence that B cells traffic freely across the tissue barrier, with the majority of B cell maturation occurring outside of the CNS in the secondary lymphoid tissue. Our study may aid in further defining the mechanisms of immunomodulatory therapies that either deplete circulating B cells or affect the intrathecal B cell compartment by inhibiting lymphocyte transmigration into the CNS.
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