Journal
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
Volume 481, Issue -, Pages 392-400Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.02.069
Keywords
Aldehydes; Drinking water; Formaldehyde; NOM; Ozonation; Water treatment
Categories
Funding
- Company of Water Supply and Sewerage of Thessaloniki
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The occurrence and fate of carbonyl compounds as ozonation by-products at a full scale drinking water treatment plant (DWTP) were studied for one year. Raw water and samples after the main treatment processes (pre-zonation, coagulation/flocculation, sand filtration, main ozonation, filtration through granular activated carbon and chlorination) were collected on a monthly basis. Pre-ozonation led to the formation of carbonyl compounds at concentrations of 67.3 +/- 43.3 mu g/l as sum of 14 carbonyl compounds whereas lower concentrations were determined after the main ozonation process, 32.8 +/- 22.3 mu g/l. The dominant compounds were formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, glyoxal and methyl glyoxal contributing to 65% of total carbonyl content. The DOC reactivity in formation of carbonyl compounds varied through the year exhibiting the higher values in spring. Coagulation/flocculation and sand filtration significantly removed (64-80%) the carbonyl compounds formed at the pre-zonation step. The removal efficiency of filtration through granular activated carbon showed great variation ranging from 15 to 62%. Finally, the concentrations of carbonyl compounds in finished water were low, close to detection limits, revealing the efficiency of DWTP in the removal of this class of ozonation by-products. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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