Journal
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
Volume 466, Issue -, Pages 755-761Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.07.062
Keywords
Antiviral pharmaceuticals; Acyclovir; Wastewater; Surface water; Groundwater; The Pearl River Delta
Categories
Funding
- NSFC program [41172319]
- Research Program of China [2009CB421604]
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Occurrence and behavior of six antiviral pharmaceuticals (acyclovir, ganciclovir, oseltamivir, ribavirin, stavudine and zidovudine) and one active metabolite oseltamivir carboxylate were investigated in wastewater, landfill leachate, river water, reservoir and well water in the vicinity of municipal landfills in the Pearl River Delta, China. Acyclovir was the only antiviral detected in the wastewater at 177-406 (mean = 238) and 114-205 (mean = 154) ng L-1 in the influent and final effluent, respectively. Aerobic biodegradation appeared to be the main process for the elimination of acyclovir in the wastewater. Acyclovir was also the only antiviral quantitatively detected in the Pearl River and its tributaries, with a maximum concentration up to 113 ng L-1. Treated wastewater was a major source of acyclovir in the rivers. The highest concentration of acyclovir was observed in winter in the river water and the dilution effect by precipitation was suggested to be the dominant factor impacting the seasonal pattern of acydovir in the rivers. No antivirals were quantitatively detected in the well water whereas acyclovir was frequently detected in the reservoirs at a maximal concentration of 33.6 ng L-1 in the vicinity of the municipal landfills. However, source identification and fate of acyclovir in the reservoirs pend on further research. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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