Journal
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
Volume 485, Issue -, Pages 415-420Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.03.054
Keywords
Fipronil; Enantioselectivity; Toxicity; Bioaccumulation; Degradation
Categories
Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [21307155, 21277171]
- Foundation for the Author of National Excellent Doctoral Dissertation of PR China
- New-Star of Science and Technology program
- Beijing Metropolis Beijing Nova program
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The enantioselective acute toxicity to earthworms of racemic fipronil and its individual enantiomers was studied. R-(-)-fipronil was approximately 1.5 times more toxic than the racemate and approximately 2 times more toxic than S-(+)-fipronil after 72 and 96 h of exposure, respectively. Assays of fipronil enantiomer bioaccumulation and degradation in earthworms were conducted. The bio-concentration factors (BCFs) were slightly different between the two enantiomers. The enantiomeric fraction (EF) values in earthworms in the bioaccumulation period were approximately 0.5, which indicated there was no enantioselective bioaccumulation. In contrast, the degradation of fipronil in earthworms was enantioselective: the t(1/2) values for R- and S-fipronil were 3.3 and 2.5 days, respectively, in natural soil, and 2.1 and 1.4 days, respectively, in artificial soil. The results of soil analyses showed that the degradation of fipronil was not enantioselective, which suggested that the enantioselectivity of fipronil in earthworms results from the organism's metabolism. The study also demonstrated that the presence of earthworms could accelerate the degradation of fipronil in soil. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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