Journal
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
Volume 427, Issue -, Pages 60-69Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.03.090
Keywords
Phthalate; Exposure assessment; GIS; Phthalate distribution; Daily intake; DEHP
Categories
Funding
- Natural Science Foundation of China [81072263]
- Shanghai Natural Science Foundation [10ZR1402000]
- Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars
- Shanghai Bureau of Health [200904]
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Phthalates have been used worldwide and are ubiquitous in environmental media and human bodies. Based on existing data on phthalate concentrations, distributions of phthalates in the environment and their exposure assessment to non-occupational populations in China can be evaluated. Fifty-three studies, published from January 2000 to October 2010, were reviewed and their data were analyzed in this study. Geographic information system (GIS) was used in mapping the published data of phthalate concentrations and their distributions in environmental media, while scatter diagrams were applied to show the time trends for phthalate concentrations in various environmental media. Results showed that there was a time-dependent increase in Sigma phthalates (total phthalates) and DEHP concentrations in air during the past 10 years: phthalate concentrations varied in different areas, among which Guangdong and northeast China were the most polluted. Using Clark's equations. daily intake of Sigma phthalates and DEHP in the Pearl River Delta and the Yangtze River Delta was estimated from consumption of contaminated food, water and air. Results showed that daily intake of Sigma phthalates and DEHP was 128.63 and 61.29 mu g/kg BW/d for adults in the Pearl River Delta, which is significantly higher than those residing in the Yangtze River Delta (33.87 and 24.68 mu g/kg BW/d). (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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