Journal
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
Volume 426, Issue -, Pages 160-165Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.04.005
Keywords
Sublethal effects; Ecotoxicogenomics; Molecular endpoints; Stress response; Biomarker; Pesticide
Categories
Funding
- Interagency Ecological Program, Sacramento, California [4600008070]
- Bayerische Forschungsstiftung, Germany [DOK-82-07]
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The utilization of molecular endpoints in ecotoxicology can provide rapid and valuable information on immediate organismal responses to chemical stressors and is increasingly used for mechanistic interpretation of effects at higher levels of biological organization. This study contributes knowledge on the sublethal effects of a commonly used insecticide, the phenylpyrazole fipronil, on larval fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas), utilizing a quantitative transcriptomic approach. Immediately after 24 h of exposure to fipronil concentrations of >= 31 mu g.L-1, highly significant changes in gene transcription were observed for aspartoacylase, metallothionein, glucocorticoid receptor, cytochrome P450 3A126 and vitellogenin. Different mechanisms of toxicity were apparent over the course of the experiment, with short-term responses indicating neurotoxic effects. After 6 days of recovery, endocrine effects were observed with vitellogenin being up-regulated 90-fold at 61 mu g.L-1 fipronil. Principal component analysis demonstrated a significant increase in gene transcription changes over time and during the recovery period. In conclusion, multiple mechanisms of action were observed in response to fipronil exposure, and unknown delayed effects would have been missed if transcriptomic responses had only been measured at a single time-point. These challenges can be overcome by the inclusion of multiple endpoints and delayed effects in experimental designs. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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