Journal
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
Volume 408, Issue 8, Pages 1909-1914Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.01.040
Keywords
Automated sample clean-up system; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs); Residential heating; Seasonal variation; Source identification; Vehicle exhaust
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Funding
- Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan [13480160, 14048220, 16030209, 16404002, 16710008, 18710014]
- Steel Industry Foundation for the Advancement of Environmental Protection Technology
- Heiwa Nakajima Foundation
- Iwatani Naoji Foundation
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [16404002, 18710014, 13480160, 14048220, 16030209, 16710008] Funding Source: KAKEN
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In this study, we measured polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in aerosols in Xi'an, China from 2005 to 2007, by using a modified Soxhlet extraction followed by a clean-up procedure using automated column chromatography followed by HPLC/fiuorescence detection. The sources of PAHs were apportioned by using the positive matrix factorization (PMF) method. The PM(10) concentration in winter (161.1 +/- 66.4 mu g m(-3), n=242) was 1.5 times higher than that in summer (110.9 +/- 34.7 mu g m(-3), n=248). Sigma PAH concentrations, which are the sum of the concentrations of all detected PAHs, in winter (344.2 +/- 149.7 ng m(-3), n=45) was 2.5 times higher than that in summer (136.7 +/- 56.7 ng m(-3) n=24) in this study. These strong seasonal variations in atmospheric PAH concentration are possibly due to coal combustion for residential heating. According to the source apportionment with PMF method in this study, the major sources of PAHs in Xi'an are categorized as (1) mobile sources such as vehicle exhaust that constantly contribute to PAH pollution, and (2) stationary sources such as coal combustion that have a large contribution to PAH pollution in winter. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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