Journal
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
Volume 407, Issue 11, Pages 3572-3578Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.01.013
Keywords
Diclofenac; Ozonation; Intermediates; Biodegradability; Toxicity; Inhibition
Categories
Funding
- Spanish Ministry of Education and Science, NOVEDAR Consolider-Ingenio 2010 [CTQ2005-00446/PPQ, CE-CSD2006-004]
- Brazilian agency CAPES/MECD [114/06]
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Diclofenac (DCF), a common analgesic, anti-arthritic and anti-rheumatic drug, is one of the most frequently detected compounds in water. This study deals with the degradation of diclofenac in aqueous solution by ozonation. Biodegradability (BOD5/COD ratio and Zahn-Wellens test), acute ecotoxicity and inhibition of activated sludge activity were determined in ozonated and non-ozonated samples. Liquid chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC/TOF-MS) was used to identify the intermediates formed in 1 h of ozonation. Eighteen intermediates were identified by these techniques and a tentative degradation pathway for DCF ozonation is proposed. Experimental results show that ozone is efficient at removing DCF: >99% removal (starting from an initial concentration of 0.68 mmol L-1) was achieved after 30 min of ozonation (corresponding to an absorbed ozone dose of 0.22 g L-1, which is 4.58 mmol L-1). However, only 24% of the substrate was mineralized after 1 h of ozonation. The biodegradability, respiration inhibition in activated sludge and acute toxicity tests demonstrate that ozonation promotes a more biocompatible effluent of waters containing DCF. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
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