Journal
SCIENCE CHINA-EARTH SCIENCES
Volume 57, Issue 10, Pages 2408-2416Publisher
SCIENCE PRESS
DOI: 10.1007/s11430-014-4829-0
Keywords
urban; surface energy balance; latent heat flux; numerical simulation; land surface model; urban canopy model
Categories
Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [41175015]
- Ministry of Science and Technology of China [2012BAC22B00, GYHY200906026]
- Directorate For Geosciences
- Div Atmospheric & Geospace Sciences [0939961] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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The numerical modeling of the impacts of urban buildings in mesoscale meteorological models has gradually improved in recent years. Correctly representing the latent heat flux from urban surfaces is a key issue in urban land-atmosphere coupling studies but is a common weakness in current urban canopy models. Using the surface energy balance data at a height of 140 m from a 325 m meteorological tower in Beijing, we conducted a 1-year continuous off-line simulation by using a coupled land surface model and a single-layer urban canopy model and found that this model has a relatively large systematic error for simulated latent heat flux. To improve the numerical method for modeling latent heat flux from urban surfaces, we combined observational analysis and urban land surface model to derive an oasis effect coefficient for urban green areas; to develop a temporal variation formula for water availability in urban impervious surfaces; and to specify a diurnal profile and the maximum values of anthropogenic latent heat release for four seasons. These results are directly incorporated into the urban land surface model to improve model performance. In addition, this method serves as a reference for studies in other urban areas.
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