Journal
SCIENCE
Volume 361, Issue 6405, Pages 894-+Publisher
AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1126/science.aat7115
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Funding
- CNPq [400354/2016-0]
- FAPESP [2016/01735-2, 2017/00021-9]
- Sir Henry Dale Fellowship [204311/Z/16/Z]
- internal GCRF grant [005073]
- John Fell Research Fund [005166]
- ERC [614725-PATHPHYLODYN]
- Oxford Martin School
- Branco Weiss Fellowship
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development [T32HD040128]
- National Library of Medicine of the National Institutes of Health [R01LM010812, R01LM011965]
- Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (FWO, Flanders, Belgium)
- Interne Fondsen KU Leuven/Internal Funds KU Leuven
- EU's Horizon 2020 Programme through ZIKAlliance [734548]
- Investissement d'Avenir program
- Laboratoire d'Excellence Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases program [ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEID]
- Models of Infectious Disease Agent Study of the National Institute of General Medical Sciences
- AXA Research Fund
- Association Robert Debre
- European Research Council [725422-ReservoirDOCS]
- Wellcome Trust [206298/Z/17/Z]
- Research Foundation, Flanders (Fonds voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, Vlaanderen) [G066215N, G0D5117N, G0B9317N]
- MRC [MC_PC_15100, MR/L015080/1] Funding Source: UKRI
- H2020 Societal Challenges Programme [734548] Funding Source: H2020 Societal Challenges Programme
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The yellow fever virus (YFV) epidemic in Brazil is the largest in decades. The recent discovery of YFV in Brazilian Aedes species mosquitos highlights a need to monitor the risk of reestablishment of urban YFV transmission in the Americas. We use a suite of epidemiological, spatial, and genomic approaches to characterize YFV transmission. We show that the age and sex distribution of human cases is characteristic of sylvatic transmission. Analysis of YFV cases combined with genomes generated locally reveals an early phase of sylvatic YFV transmission and spatial expansion toward previously YFV-free areas, followed by a rise in viral spillover to humans in late 2016. Our results establish a framework for monitoring YFV transmission in real time that will contribute to a global strategy to eliminate future YFV epidemics.
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