Journal
SCIENCE
Volume 343, Issue 6177, Pages 1339-1343Publisher
AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1126/science.1249061
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Funding
- U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences (BES), Materials Sciences and Engineering Division [DE-AC02-05CH11231, DE-AC02-06CH11357]
- Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Fuel Cell Technologies Program
- DOE, Office of Science, BES [DE-FG02-05ER15731]
- King Abdulaziz University
- Scientific User Facilities Division, BES, DOE
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Control of structure at the atomic level can precisely and effectively tune catalytic properties of materials, enabling enhancement in both activity and durability. We synthesized a highly active and durable class of electrocatalysts by exploiting the structural evolution of platinum-nickel (Pt-Ni) bimetallic nanocrystals. The starting material, crystalline PtNi3 polyhedra, transforms in solution by interior erosion into Pt3Ni nanoframes with surfaces that offer three-dimensional molecular accessibility. The edges of the Pt-rich PtNi3 polyhedra are maintained in the final Pt3Ni nanoframes. Both the interior and exterior catalytic surfaces of this open-framework structure are composed of the nanosegregated Pt-skin structure, which exhibits enhanced oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity. The Pt3Ni nanoframe catalysts achieved a factor of 36 enhancement in mass activity and a factor of 22 enhancement in specific activity, respectively, for this reaction (relative to state-of-the-art platinum-carbon catalysts) during prolonged exposure to reaction conditions.
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