Journal
SCIENCE
Volume 344, Issue 6180, Pages 168-172Publisher
AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1126/science.1243005
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Funding
- Royal Society
- ESF/RTD Framework COST action [FA0903]
- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [BB/F008082, BB/L003023/1, BB/L003023]
- NSF [IOB-0516811]
- Nanotechnology Platform Program of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), Japan
- BBSRC [BB/L003023/1] Funding Source: UKRI
- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [BB/L003023/1] Funding Source: researchfish
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Plant embryogenesis initiates with the establishment of an apical-basal axis; however, the molecular mechanisms accompanying this early event remain unclear. Here, we show that a small cysteine-rich peptide family is required for formation of the zygotic basal cell lineage and proembryo patterning in Arabidopsis. EMBRYO SURROUNDING FACTOR 1 (ESF1) peptides accumulate before fertilization in central cell gametes and thereafter in embryo-surrounding endosperm cells. Biochemical and structural analyses revealed cleavage of ESF1 propeptides to form biologically active mature peptides. Further, these peptides act in a non-cell-autonomous manner and synergistically with the receptor-like kinase SHORT SUSPENSOR to promote suspensor elongation through the YODA mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. Our findings demonstrate that the second female gamete and its sexually derived endosperm regulate early embryonic patterning in flowering plants.
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