Journal
SCIENCE
Volume 345, Issue 6194, Pages -Publisher
AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1126/science.1251788
Keywords
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Categories
Funding
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
- International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas
- Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Government of India [BT/IWGSC/03/TF/2008]
- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC UK)
- 3A-U.S. Department of Agriculture Agriculture and Food Research Initiative (USDA AFRI) Triticeae-CAP [2011-68002-30029]
- Kansas Wheat Commission
- French National Research Agency [ANR-09-GENM-025 3BSEQ]
- France Agrimer
- Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries of Japan [KGS-1003,1004, NGB-1003]
- Nisshin Flour Milling Incorporated
- Genome Canada
- Genome Prairie
- University of Saskatchewan Ministry of Agriculture, Western Grains Research Foundation
- Norwegian Research Council [199387]
- Graminor AS
- Czech Science foundation [P501/12/G090, P501/12/2554]
- BBSRC (UK)
- German Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF) Plant2030
- TRITEX
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) [SFB 924]
- EC Transplant
- IWGSC
- Arcadia Biosciences
- Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics
- Biogemma
- Bayer CropScience
- Commonwealth Science and Industrial Research Organisation
- Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maiz y Trigo
- Cereales Vallee
- Dow AgroSciences
- Dupont
- Evogene
- Florimond Desprez
- Grains Research and Development Corporation
- Graminor
- Heartland Plant Innovation
- INRA
- KWS
- Limagrain
- Monsanto
- RAGT
- Syngenta
- European Commission Marie Curie Actions (FP7-MC-IIF-Noncollinear Genes)
- BBSRC [BBS/E/T/000PR6193, BB/J003743/1, BB/I00663X/1, BB/I026030/1, BB/J003166/1, BBS/E/T/000PR5885] Funding Source: UKRI
- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [BB/I00663X/1, BB/I026030/1, BBS/E/T/000PR6193, BB/J003166/1, BBS/E/T/000PR5885, BB/J003743/1] Funding Source: researchfish
- Direct For Computer & Info Scie & Enginr
- Division Of Computer and Network Systems [1126709] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Directorate For Engineering
- Div Of Industrial Innovation & Partnersh [1338897] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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An ordered draft sequence of the 17-gigabase hexaploid bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) genome has been produced by sequencing isolated chromosome arms. We have annotated 124,201 gene loci distributed nearly evenly across the homeologous chromosomes and subgenomes. Comparative gene analysis of wheat subgenomes and extant diploid and tetraploid wheat relatives showed that high sequence similarity and structural conservation are retained, with limited gene loss, after polyploidization. However, across the genomes there was evidence of dynamic gene gain, loss, and duplication since the divergence of the wheat lineages. A high degree of transcriptional autonomy and no global dominance was found for the subgenomes. These insights into the genome biology of a polyploid crop provide a springboard for faster gene isolation, rapid genetic marker development, and precise breeding to meet the needs of increasing food demand worldwide.
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