Journal
SCIENCE
Volume 347, Issue 6219, Pages 288-292Publisher
AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1126/science.1259052
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Funding
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [FOR801]
- European Commission (UQUAM)
- U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency Optical Lattice Emulator program
- Nanosystems Initiative Munich
- Alfred P. Sloan Foundation
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The geometric structure of a single-particle energy band in a solid is fundamental for a wide range of many-body phenomena and is uniquely characterized by the distribution of Berry curvature over the Brillouin zone. We realize an atomic interferometer to measure Berry flux in momentum space, in analogy to an Aharonov-Bohm interferometer that measures magnetic flux in real space. We demonstrate the interferometer for a graphene-type hexagonal optical lattice loaded with bosonic atoms. By detecting the singular pi Berry flux localized at each Dirac point, we establish the high momentum resolution of this interferometric technique. Our work forms the basis for a general framework to fully characterize topological band structures.
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