Journal
SCIENCE
Volume 339, Issue 6118, Pages 417-420Publisher
AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1126/science.1230016
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Funding
- Max Planck Society
- Max Planck Foundation
- Swiss National Science Foundation [200020-100632, 200021L-138175/1]
- Swiss Academy of Engineering Sciences
- Bonus Qualite Recherche de l'Unites de Formations et de Recherche de physique fondamentale et appliquee de l'UPMC
- program PAI Germaine de Stael du ministere des affaires etrangeres France [07819NH]
- Ecole Normale Superieure (ENS)
- UPMC
- CNRS
- Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (FCT, Portugal)
- Fundo Europeu De Desenvolvimento Regional [PTDC/FIS/102110/2008, SFRH/BPD/46611/2008]
- ExtreMe Matter Institute
- Helmholtz Alliance [HA216/EMMI]
- European Research Council (ERC) [279765]
- FCT [SFRH/BD/66731/2009]
- Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF) [200021L_138175] Funding Source: Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF)
- Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia [SFRH/BD/66731/2009, PTDC/FIS/102110/2008, SFRH/BPD/46611/2008] Funding Source: FCT
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Accurate knowledge of the charge and Zemach radii of the proton is essential, not only for understanding its structure but also as input for tests of bound-state quantum electrodynamics and its predictions for the energy levels of hydrogen. These radii may be extracted from the laser spectroscopy of muonic hydrogen (mu p, that is, a proton orbited by a muon). We measured the 2S(1/2)(F=0)-2P(3/2)(F=1) transition frequency in mu p to be 54611.16(1.05) gigahertz (numbers in parentheses indicate one standard deviation of uncertainty) and reevaluated the 2S(1/2)(F=1)-2P(3/2)(F=2) transition frequency, yielding 49881.35(65) gigahertz. From the measurements, we determined the Zemach radius, r(Z) = 1.082(37) femtometers, and the magnetic radius, r(M) = 0.87(6) femtometer, of the proton. We also extracted the charge radius, r(E) = 0.84087(39) femtometer, with an order of magnitude more precision than the 2010-CODATA value and at 7 sigma variance with respect to it, thus reinforcing the proton radius puzzle.
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