Journal
SCIENCE
Volume 341, Issue 6150, Pages 1085-1089Publisher
AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1126/science.1239207
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Funding
- DOE [DE-SC0005090]
- NSF [ATM-0628575, ATM-0628519, ATM-0628388, ATM-0628452, ATM-1036399]
- National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR)
- NASA [NNX11AF36G]
- U.S. Navy/Office of Naval Research [N00014-67-A-0103-0007]
- NSF
- Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology Green Network of Excellence program
- Environmental Protection Agency's Science to Achieve Results program
- Directorate For Geosciences
- Div Atmospheric & Geospace Sciences [1036399] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- NASA [146831, NNX11AF36G] Funding Source: Federal RePORTER
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Seasonal variations of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) in the Northern Hemisphere have increased since the 1950s, but sparse observations have prevented a clear assessment of the patterns of long-term change and the underlying mechanisms. We compare recent aircraft-based observations of CO2 above the North Pacific and Arctic Oceans to earlier data from 1958 to 1961 and find that the seasonal amplitude at altitudes of 3 to 6 km increased by 50% for 45 degrees to 90 degrees N but by less than 25% for 10 degrees to 45 degrees N. An increase of 30 to 60% in the seasonal exchange of CO2 by northern extratropical land ecosystems, focused on boreal forests, is implicated, substantially more than simulated by current land ecosystem models. The observations appear to signal large ecological changes in northern forests and a major shift in the global carbon cycle.
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