Journal
SCIENCE
Volume 340, Issue 6131, Pages 457-460Publisher
AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1126/science.1229506
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Funding
- NSF [CHE-0848982]
- NIH National Institute of General Medical Sciences [GM-087620]
- Direct For Mathematical & Physical Scien
- Division Of Chemistry [0848982] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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Copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition has become a commonly employed method for the synthesis of complex molecular architectures under challenging conditions. Despite the widespread use of copper-catalyzed cycloaddition reactions, the mechanism of these processes has remained difficult to establish due to the involvement of multiple equilibria between several reactive intermediates. Real-time monitoring of a representative cycloaddition process via heat-flow reaction calorimetry revealed that monomeric copper acetylide complexes are not reactive toward organic azides unless an exogenous copper catalyst is added. Furthermore, crossover experiments with an isotopically enriched exogenous copper source illustrated the stepwise nature of the carbon-nitrogen bond-forming events and the equivalence of the two copper atoms within the cycloaddition steps.
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