Journal
SCIENCE
Volume 339, Issue 6124, Pages 1179-1184Publisher
AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1126/science.1231473
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Funding
- U.S.-Israel Binational Science Foundation
- Minerva foundation
- Microsoft Station Q
- Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency [N66001-12-1-4034]
- Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, an NSF Physics Frontiers Center
- Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation
- NSF [PHY11-25915]
- Division Of Physics
- Direct For Mathematical & Physical Scien [1125565] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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Quantum computation requires controlled engineering of quantum states to perform tasks that go beyond those possible with classical computers. Topological quantum computation aims to achieve this goal by using non-Abelian quantum phases of matter. Such phases allow for quantum information to be stored and manipulated in a nonlocal manner, which protects it from imperfections in the implemented protocols and from interactions with the environment. Recently, substantial progress in this field has been made on both theoretical and experimental fronts. We review the basic concepts of non-Abelian phases and their topologically protected use in quantum information processing tasks. We discuss different possible realizations of these concepts in experimentally available solid-state systems, including systems hosting Majorana fermions, their recently proposed fractional counterparts, and non-Abelian quantum Hall states.
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