Journal
SCIENCE
Volume 337, Issue 6090, Pages 78-81Publisher
AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1126/science.1219371
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Funding
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
- Canadian Space Agency
- U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) [ATM-0730452]
- NSF [ATM-1011827]
- NSF
- Directorate For Geosciences
- Div Atmospheric & Geospace Sciences [0730452] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Div Atmospheric & Geospace Sciences
- Directorate For Geosciences [1011827] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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The Nabro stratovolcano in Eritrea, northeastern Africa, erupted on 13 June 2011, injecting approximately 1.3 teragrams of sulfur dioxide (SO2) to altitudes of 9 to 14 kilometers in the upper troposphere, which resulted in a large aerosol enhancement in the stratosphere. The SO2 was lofted into the lower stratosphere by deep convection and the circulation associated with the Asian summer monsoon while gradually converting to sulfate aerosol. This demonstrates that to affect climate, volcanic eruptions need not be strong enough to inject sulfur directly to the stratosphere.
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