Journal
SCIENCE
Volume 337, Issue 6100, Pages 1326-1329Publisher
AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1126/science.1225621
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Funding
- European Union [243421, 214954]
- European Research Council
- Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) [CTQ2010-18208]
- Xunta de Galicia [10PXIB2200222PR]
- Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER)
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We show that the different bond orders of individual carbon-carbon bonds in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and fullerenes can be distinguished by noncontact atomic force microscopy (AFM) with a carbon monoxide (CO)-functionalized tip. We found two different contrast mechanisms, which were corroborated by density functional theory calculations: The greater electron density in bonds of higher bond order led to a stronger Pauli repulsion, which enhanced the brightness of these bonds in high-resolution AFM images. The apparent bond length in the AFM images decreased with increasing bond order because of tilting of the CO molecule at the tip apex.
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