Journal
SCIENCE
Volume 334, Issue 6058, Pages 928-935Publisher
AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1126/science.1212741
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Funding
- Center for Molecularly Engineered Energy Materials, an Energy Frontier Research Center
- U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-SC001342]
- DOE Office of Electricity
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The increasing interest in energy storage for the grid can be attributed to multiple factors, including the capital costs of managing peak demands, the investments needed for grid reliability, and the integration of renewable energy sources. Although existing energy storage is dominated by pumped hydroelectric, there is the recognition that battery systems can offer a number of high-value opportunities, provided that lower costs can be obtained. The battery systems reviewed here include sodium-sulfur batteries that are commercially available for grid applications, redox-flow batteries that offer low cost, and lithium-ion batteries whose development for commercial electronics and electric vehicles is being applied to grid storage.
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