Journal
SCIENCE
Volume 332, Issue 6032, Pages 944-947Publisher
AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1126/science.1202992
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Funding
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada
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In organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), a stack of multiple organic layers facilitates charge flow from the low work function [similar to 4.7 electron volts (eV)] of the transparent electrode (tin-doped indium oxide, ITO) to the deep energy levels (similar to 6 eV) of the active light-emitting organic materials. We demonstrate a chlorinated ITO transparent electrode with a work function of >6.1 eV that provides a direct match to the energy levels of the active light-emitting materials in state-of-the art OLEDs. A highly simplified green OLED with a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 54% and power efficiency of 230 lumens per watt using outcoupling enhancement was demonstrated, as were EQE of 50% and power efficiency of 110 lumens per watt at 10,000 candelas per square meter.
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