Journal
SCIENCE
Volume 333, Issue 6038, Pages 58-62Publisher
AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1126/science.1200758
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Funding
- NIH [R01 GM085286-01S]
- U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-07ER64484]
- NSF [EF-0523267, CMMI-0758343]
- Davidow Family Research Fund
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Viruses may very well be the most abundant biological entities on the planet. Yet neither metagenomic studies nor classical phage isolation techniques have shed much light on the identity of the hosts of most viruses. We used a microfluidic digital polymerase chain reaction (PCR) approach to physically link single bacterial cells harvested from a natural environment with a viral marker gene. When we implemented this technique on the microbial community residing in the termite hindgut, we found genus-wide infection patterns displaying remarkable intragenus selectivity. Viral marker allelic diversity revealed restricted mixing of alleles between hosts, indicating limited lateral gene transfer of these alleles despite host proximity. Our approach does not require culturing hosts or viruses and provides a method for examining virus-bacterium interactions in many environments.
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