Journal
SCIENCE
Volume 334, Issue 6061, Pages 1413-1415Publisher
AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1126/science.1212003
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Funding
- NIH [R01 AG031941, R01 EY015980, R01 MH091801]
- NSF [0964776]
- Division Of Behavioral and Cognitive Sci
- Direct For Social, Behav & Economic Scie [0964776] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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It is controversial whether the adult primate early visual cortex is sufficiently plastic to cause visual perceptual learning (VPL). The controversy occurs partially because most VPL studies have examined correlations between behavioral and neural activity changes rather than cause-and-effect relationships. With an online-feedback method that uses decoded functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) signals, we induced activity patterns only in early visual cortex corresponding to an orientation without stimulus presentation or participants' awareness of what was to be learned. The induced activation caused VPL specific to the orientation. These results suggest that early visual areas are so plastic that mere inductions of activity patterns are sufficient to cause VPL. This technique can induce plasticity in a highly selective manner, potentially leading to powerful training and rehabilitative protocols.
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