Journal
SCIENCE
Volume 334, Issue 6053, Pages 219-222Publisher
AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1126/science.1211535
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Funding
- European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union [249587]
- CNRS
- National Research Foundation/Department of Science and Technology at the University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa
- Norwegian Research Council/South African National Research Foundation
- Australian Research Council [DP1092843]
- Australian Research Council [DP1092843] Funding Source: Australian Research Council
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The conceptual ability to source, combine, and store substances that enhance technology or social practices represents a benchmark in the evolution of complex human cognition. Excavations in 2008 at Blombos Cave, South Africa, revealed a processing workshop where a liquefied ochre-rich mixture was produced and stored in two Haliotis midae (abalone) shells 100,000 years ago. Ochre, bone, charcoal, grindstones, and hammerstones form a composite part of this production toolkit. The application of the mixture is unknown, but possibilities include decoration and skin protection.
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