Journal
SCIENCE
Volume 333, Issue 6048, Pages 1402-1407Publisher
AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1126/science.1203922
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Funding
- South African Department of Science and Technology
- South African National Research Foundation (particularly the African Origins Platform Initiative)
- Institute for Human Evolution (IHE)
- University of the Witwatersrand
- National Geographic Society
- Palaeontological Scientific Trust (PAST)
- Andrew W. Mellon Foundation
- Ford Foundation
- United States Diplomatic Mission to South Africa
- French Embassy of South Africa
- Research Office of the University of the Witwatersrand
- Ray A. Rothrock '77 Fellowship
- Texas AM University
- Oppenheimer and Ackerman families
- Sir Richard Branson
- Claude Leon Foundation
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The virtual endocast of MH1 (Australopithecus sediba), obtained from high-quality synchrotron scanning, reveals generally australopith-like convolutional patterns on the frontal lobes but also some foreshadowing of features of the human frontal lobes, such as posterior repositioning of the olfactory bulbs. Principal component analysis of orbitofrontal dimensions on australopith endocasts (MH1, Sts 5, and Sts 60) indicates that among these, MH1 orbitofrontal shape and organization align most closely with human endocasts. These results are consistent with gradual neural reorganization of the orbitofrontal region in the transition from Australopithecus to Homo, but given the small volume of the MH1 endocast, they are not consistent with gradual brain enlargement before the transition.
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