Journal
SCIENCE
Volume 332, Issue 6034, Pages 1196-1201Publisher
AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1126/science.1200520
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Funding
- NSF [0728703, 0832824]
- Human Frontier Science Program [RGY0074/2006-C]
- Division of Computing and Communication Foundations
- Direct For Computer & Info Scie & Enginr [832824] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Division of Computing and Communication Foundations
- Direct For Computer & Info Scie & Enginr [0728703] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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To construct sophisticated biochemical circuits from scratch, one needs to understand how simple the building blocks can be and how robustly such circuits can scale up. Using a simple DNA reaction mechanism based on a reversible strand displacement process, we experimentally demonstrated several digital logic circuits, culminating in a four-bit square-root circuit that comprises 130 DNA strands. These multilayer circuits include thresholding and catalysis within every logical operation to perform digital signal restoration, which enables fast and reliable function in large circuits with roughly constant switching time and linear signal propagation delays. The design naturally incorporates other crucial elements for large-scale circuitry, such as general debugging tools, parallel circuit preparation, and an abstraction hierarchy supported by an automated circuit compiler.
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