Journal
SCIENCE
Volume 334, Issue 6055, Pages 494-497Publisher
AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1126/science.1211220
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Funding
- Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-09-1-0537]
- Air Force [AOARD-10-4067]
- Office of Naval Research [N00014-08-1-0654]
- Robert A. Welch Foundation [AT-0029]
- Creative Research Initiative Center for Bio-Artificial Muscle (Korea)
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
- Australian Research Council
- National Research Foundation of Korea [2006-0050629] Funding Source: Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information (KISTI), National Science & Technology Information Service (NTIS)
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Rotary motors of conventional design can be rather complex and are therefore difficult to miniaturize; previous carbon nanotube artificial muscles provide contraction and bending, but not rotation. We show that an electrolyte-filled twist-spun carbon nanotube yarn, much thinner than a human hair, functions as a torsional artificial muscle in a simple three-electrode electrochemical system, providing a reversible 15,000 degrees rotation and 590 revolutions per minute. A hydrostatic actuation mechanism, as seen in muscular hydrostats in nature, explains the simultaneous occurrence of lengthwise contraction and torsional rotation during the yarn volume increase caused by electrochemical double-layer charge injection. The use of a torsional yarn muscle as a mixer for a fluidic chip is demonstrated.
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