Journal
SCIENCE
Volume 331, Issue 6015, Pages 337-341Publisher
AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1126/science.1198469
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Funding
- Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology
- Mochida Memorial Foundation for Medical and Pharmaceutical Research
- Kato Memorial Bioscience Foundation
- Mishima Kaiun Memorial Foundation
- Kanae Foundation for the Promotion of Medical Science
- Inoue Foundation for Science
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [23390090, 23790524] Funding Source: KAKEN
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CD4(+) T regulatory cells (T-regs), which express the Foxp3 transcription factor, play a critical role in the maintenance of immune homeostasis. Here, we show that in mice, T-regs were most abundant in the colonic mucosa. The spore-forming component of indigenous intestinal microbiota, particularly clusters IV and XIVa of the genus Clostridium, promoted T-reg cell accumulation. Colonization of mice by a defined mix of Clostridium strains provided an environment rich in transforming growth factor-beta and affected Foxp3(+) T-reg number and function in the colon. Oral inoculation of Clostridium during the early life of conventionally reared mice resulted in resistance to colitis and systemic immunoglobulin E responses in adult mice, suggesting a new therapeutic approach to autoimmunity and allergy.
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