Journal
SCIENCE
Volume 330, Issue 6011, Pages 1695-1699Publisher
AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1126/science.1196509
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Funding
- NIH [OD000329, AI40312, CA049605, AG033314]
- Harvey V. Berneking Living Trust
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH [N01-AI-70002]
- Deborah Addicott Fellowship for Bioinformatics and Stem Cell Biology
- Swedish Research Council
- American Pediatric Society
- American Academy of Pediatrics
- March of Dimes
- NIH, NIH Roadmap for Medical Research [DPI OD00329]
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Although the mammalian immune system is generally thought to develop in a linear fashion, findings in avian and murine species argue instead for the developmentally ordered appearance (or layering) of distinct hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) that give rise to distinct lymphocyte lineages at different stages of development. Here we provide evidence of an analogous layered immune system in humans. Our results suggest that fetal and adult T cells are distinct populations that arise from different populations of HSCs that are present at different stages of development. We also provide evidence that the fetal T cell lineage is biased toward immune tolerance. These observations offer a mechanistic explanation for the tolerogenic properties of the developing fetus and for variable degrees of immune responsiveness at birth.
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