Journal
SCIENCE
Volume 330, Issue 6012, Pages 1797-1801Publisher
AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1126/science.1197834
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Funding
- NSF [CBET-0829114, DMR 08-43934]
- Initiative for Renewable Energy and the Environment under University of Minnesota
- Swiss National Science Foundation [200021-126512]
- Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF) [200021_126512] Funding Source: Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF)
- Div Of Chem, Bioeng, Env, & Transp Sys
- Directorate For Engineering [0829114] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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Because solar energy is available in large excess relative to current rates of energy consumption, effective conversion of this renewable yet intermittent resource into a transportable and dispatchable chemical fuel may ensure the goal of a sustainable energy future. However, low conversion efficiencies, particularly with CO2 reduction, as well as utilization of precious materials have limited the practical generation of solar fuels. By using a solar cavity-receiver reactor, we combined the oxygen uptake and release capacity of cerium oxide and facile catalysis at elevated temperatures to thermochemically dissociate CO2 and H2O, yielding CO and H-2, respectively. Stable and rapid generation of fuel was demonstrated over 500 cycles. Solar-to-fuel efficiencies of 0.7 to 0.8% were achieved and shown to be largely limited by the system scale and design rather than by chemistry.
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