Journal
SCIENCE
Volume 327, Issue 5963, Pages 286-290Publisher
AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1126/science.1184004
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Funding
- NIH [CA131645, AI057157, AI031496, AI063031, DE016326, U19AI077437, DK38108]
- Burroughs Wellcome Fund
- SERCEB
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NLR (nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich repeat-containing) proteins have rapidly emerged as central regulators of immunity and inflammation with demonstrated relevance to human diseases. Much attention has focused on the ability of several NLRs to activate the inflammasome complex and drive proteolytic processing of inflammatory cytokines; however, NLRs also regulate important inflammasome-independent functions in the immune system. We discuss several of these functions, including the regulation of canonical and noncanonical NF-kappa B activation, mitogen-activated protein kinase activation, cytokine and chemokine production, antimicrobial reactive oxygen species production, type I interferon production, and ribonuclease L activity. We also explore the mechanistic basis of these functions and describe current challenges in the field.
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