Journal
SCIENCE
Volume 326, Issue 5955, Pages 977-980Publisher
AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1126/science.1177046
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Funding
- Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences Division of the U. S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]
- National Center for Electron Microscopy, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- National Science Council, R. O. C. [98-2119-M-009-016]
- National Science Foundation [DMR-0820404, DMR-0507146, NIRT-0609377]
- Science Foundation of Ireland [SFI-07/YI2/I1051]
- Department of Energy Basic Sciences [DE- FG02-07ER46417]
- Direct For Mathematical & Physical Scien
- Division Of Materials Research [820404] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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Piezoelectric materials, which convert mechanical to electrical energy and vice versa, are typically characterized by the intimate coexistence of two phases across a morphotropic phase boundary. Electrically switching one to the other yields large electromechanical coupling coefficients. Driven by global environmental concerns, there is currently a strong push to discover practical lead-free piezoelectrics for device engineering. Using a combination of epitaxial growth techniques in conjunction with theoretical approaches, we show the formation of a morphotropic phase boundary through epitaxial constraint in lead-free piezoelectric bismuth ferrite (BiFeO3) films. Electric field-dependent studies show that a tetragonal-like phase can be reversibly converted into a rhombohedral-like phase, accompanied by measurable displacements of the surface, making this new lead-free system of interest for probe-based data storage and actuator applications.
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