Journal
SCIENCE
Volume 322, Issue 5909, Pages 1828-1832Publisher
AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1126/science.1164759
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- NASA/Keck Reflectance Experiment Laboratory (RELAB) spectral database
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Geochemical models for Mars predict carbonate formation during aqueous alteration. Carbonate- bearing rocks had not previously been detected on Mars' surface, but Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter mapping reveals a regional rock layer with near- infrared spectral characteristics that are consistent with the presence of magnesium carbonate in the Nili Fossae region. The carbonate is closely associated with both phyllosilicate- bearing and olivine- rich rock units and probably formed during the Noachian or early Hesperian era from the alteration of olivine by either hydrothermal fluids or near- surface water. The presence of carbonate as well as accompanying clays suggests that waters were neutral to alkaline at the time of its formation and that acidic weathering, proposed to be characteristic of Hesperian Mars, did not destroy these carbonates and thus did not dominate all aqueous environments.
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