Journal
SCIENCE
Volume 320, Issue 5873, Pages 226-230Publisher
AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1126/science.1154986
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Funding
- NCI NIH HHS [R01 CA084406-01A1, CA75179, R01 CA075179, R01 CA084406, CA84406] Funding Source: Medline
- NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI066497, AI066497] Funding Source: Medline
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The toxicity of ionizing radiation is associated with massive apoptosis in radiosensitive organs. Here, we investigate whether a drug that activates a signaling mechanism used by tumor cells to suppress apoptosis can protect healthy cells from the harmful effects of radiation. We studied CBLB502, a polypeptide drug derived from Salmonella flagellin that binds to Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) and activates nuclear factor-kappa B signaling. A single injection of CBLB502 before lethal total-body irradiation protected mice from both gastrointestinal and hematopoietic acute radiation syndromes and resulted in improved survival. CBLB502 injected after irradiation also enhanced survival, but at lower radiation doses. It is noteworthy that the drug did not decrease tumor radiosensitivity in mouse models. CBLB502 also showed radioprotective activity in lethally irradiated rhesus monkeys. Thus, TLR5 agonists could potentially improve the therapeutic index of cancer radiotherapy and serve as biological protectants in radiation emergencies.
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