Journal
RSC ADVANCES
Volume 5, Issue 100, Pages 82012-82017Publisher
ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
DOI: 10.1039/c5ra18046e
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Funding
- Robert A. Welch Foundation [CBM F-1436, AH F-1131]
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Tin forms a series of sodium alloys, some with a large change in volume, sufficient to fracture the sodiated/de-sodiated tin electrodes. In a series of Sn/C and Sn/Se/C electrodes, made similarly by ball milling the elements, the sodiation/de-sodiation cycling stability in the 0.01-1.00 V vs. Na+/Na voltage window, in which the initially formed Na2Se is electrochemically inactive, is best at an Sn : Se atomic ratio of 9 : 2. At this ratio the retained capacity is similar to 300 mA h g(-1) after 150 cycles at 0.17 A g(-1) rate versus only 70 mA h g(-1) in the absence of Na2Se. The improvement is attributed to prevention of crystallization of the Na-Sn alloys by the Na2Se.
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